Tuesday, 19 June 2012
Thursday, 14 June 2012
Ethical and Legal Constraints within the Media Sector
When you work in the media there is always a huge pressure to provide fair and balanced viewpoints, equal representation for people from different ethnic backgrounds and people with different lifestyles. Over the past century there has been countless examples of media companies attracting controversy, even more so in the last 10 years than any other decade previous, mainly because of the increased media presence in people's lives, today alone well over 280 million newspapers have been sold. Within the media sector there are many ethical and legal constraints that organisations face. There are several acts in the UK and abroad that draws a line as to what is acceptable to be broadcastable on TV, film, radio and newspapers.
Since 1959, the Obscene Publications Act has been in place, which regulates the publication of obscene content, in this case pornography, in print material. This was later extended to all obscene matter when the act was amended in 1964. There are also acts in relation to racism and human rights. In 1976, the race relations act was drawn up to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race. Included are colour, race, nationality, ethnicity, education, origin and origin of goods and services. The act was amended in 2000, including a duty on public bodies and companies to promote equality between people from different backgrounds. The Human Rights Act of 1998 is designed to give further effect to the guarantee's and freedom the are under the European Convention on Human Rights, specifically, making it unlawful for any public body/company to act in a way that is incompatible with the Convention, unless the wording of the act leaves no other choice. The Broadcasting Act of 1990 is another major regulation within the media sector; the broadcasting act regulates independent television and sound programme services (radio) and other services provided on television and/or radio frequencies. Copyright can arguably be the biggest constraint within the media sector, breach of copyright can often lead to a costly lawsuit, for example, Viacom made a $1bn (£610m) copyright case against Google, claiming tens of thousands of videos from MTV, Nickelodeon and Comedy Central, all of which Viacom own, are on YouTube and its owner Google had known about it but had done nothing about it. Viacom's claims were later dismissed.
Their are several regulatory bodies in the UK that regulate media products. The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) are the body that classifies films, TV programmes, videos and games. Office for Communication (Ofcom) regulate all UK television and radio, and investigate incidents on television and radio when complaints are filled, whether they be a poor use of words or content that isn't acceptable. The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) are a body that overlooks newspapers and magazines. Because the press is self regulatory, the PCC acts as administers, it does so by dealing with complaints about the editorial content of newspapers and magazines, as well as their websites, including editorial audio-visual material. Also the PCC deals with complaints about the conduct of journalists.
One of the worlds most famous media conglomerates is the Walt Disney company. Disney is the 121st biggest company in the world according to Forbes and due to their size criticism doesn't often harm the brand. However, since Disney was founded in 1923, it has attracted plenty of criticism, not least because of various ethical issues. Many conspiracy theorists have argued the Disney films, particularly animated films like The Lion King, The Little Mermaid, Aladdin and Who Framed Rodger Rabbit, contain sexual innuendo or references hidden in them. In Aladdin, when Aladdin is attacked by the tiger Rajah, Aladdin quietly says "Good kitty, take off and go.." with a snarl from Rajah overlapping the word "kitty". Some people reported hearing "Good teenagers, take off your clothes" in the theatrical release. Because of this controversy, Disney changed the phrase with "Down, kitty" in the DVD release. Many people have also branded Disney as racists and being discriminatory to people from a different ethnicity. In Disney animated films like Lady and the Tramp and Oliver and Company that are from other nationalities like Mexico and Thailand are represented poorly. For example, the Chihuahua in Oliver and Company called 'Ignacio Alonzo Julio Federico de Tito' knows how to hot-wire a car and was portrayed as dirty and sleazy. Also, in the Siamese cats in Lady and the Tramp were criticised for having slanted eyes, exaggerated accents and being cunning, manipulative and evil.
Another race controversy Disney has has is the fact that until 2009, all of Disney's princesses in their films have been white. This changed when 'The Princess and The Frog' was released where the princess called Tiana is black. Also, people argue that the film 'Song of the South' glorifies the lives of slaves on plantations during the 19th century in the deep south of the USA. Such is the controversy it has caused, the film has never been released on VHS or DVD despite it being made in 1946.
Since 1959, the Obscene Publications Act has been in place, which regulates the publication of obscene content, in this case pornography, in print material. This was later extended to all obscene matter when the act was amended in 1964. There are also acts in relation to racism and human rights. In 1976, the race relations act was drawn up to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race. Included are colour, race, nationality, ethnicity, education, origin and origin of goods and services. The act was amended in 2000, including a duty on public bodies and companies to promote equality between people from different backgrounds. The Human Rights Act of 1998 is designed to give further effect to the guarantee's and freedom the are under the European Convention on Human Rights, specifically, making it unlawful for any public body/company to act in a way that is incompatible with the Convention, unless the wording of the act leaves no other choice. The Broadcasting Act of 1990 is another major regulation within the media sector; the broadcasting act regulates independent television and sound programme services (radio) and other services provided on television and/or radio frequencies. Copyright can arguably be the biggest constraint within the media sector, breach of copyright can often lead to a costly lawsuit, for example, Viacom made a $1bn (£610m) copyright case against Google, claiming tens of thousands of videos from MTV, Nickelodeon and Comedy Central, all of which Viacom own, are on YouTube and its owner Google had known about it but had done nothing about it. Viacom's claims were later dismissed.
Their are several regulatory bodies in the UK that regulate media products. The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) are the body that classifies films, TV programmes, videos and games. Office for Communication (Ofcom) regulate all UK television and radio, and investigate incidents on television and radio when complaints are filled, whether they be a poor use of words or content that isn't acceptable. The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) are a body that overlooks newspapers and magazines. Because the press is self regulatory, the PCC acts as administers, it does so by dealing with complaints about the editorial content of newspapers and magazines, as well as their websites, including editorial audio-visual material. Also the PCC deals with complaints about the conduct of journalists.
One of the worlds most famous media conglomerates is the Walt Disney company. Disney is the 121st biggest company in the world according to Forbes and due to their size criticism doesn't often harm the brand. However, since Disney was founded in 1923, it has attracted plenty of criticism, not least because of various ethical issues. Many conspiracy theorists have argued the Disney films, particularly animated films like The Lion King, The Little Mermaid, Aladdin and Who Framed Rodger Rabbit, contain sexual innuendo or references hidden in them. In Aladdin, when Aladdin is attacked by the tiger Rajah, Aladdin quietly says "Good kitty, take off and go.." with a snarl from Rajah overlapping the word "kitty". Some people reported hearing "Good teenagers, take off your clothes" in the theatrical release. Because of this controversy, Disney changed the phrase with "Down, kitty" in the DVD release. Many people have also branded Disney as racists and being discriminatory to people from a different ethnicity. In Disney animated films like Lady and the Tramp and Oliver and Company that are from other nationalities like Mexico and Thailand are represented poorly. For example, the Chihuahua in Oliver and Company called 'Ignacio Alonzo Julio Federico de Tito' knows how to hot-wire a car and was portrayed as dirty and sleazy. Also, in the Siamese cats in Lady and the Tramp were criticised for having slanted eyes, exaggerated accents and being cunning, manipulative and evil.
Another race controversy Disney has has is the fact that until 2009, all of Disney's princesses in their films have been white. This changed when 'The Princess and The Frog' was released where the princess called Tiana is black. Also, people argue that the film 'Song of the South' glorifies the lives of slaves on plantations during the 19th century in the deep south of the USA. Such is the controversy it has caused, the film has never been released on VHS or DVD despite it being made in 1946.
Friday, 8 June 2012
Uses and Applications of Motion Graphics and Video Compositing
The advancement in technology has enabled us to create more and more realistic computer generated images/graphics. Whenever you watch a newly released film, the chances are you will see motion graphics and video compositing in some form or another.
Motion graphics are just that, graphics generated to involve motion. The term motion graphics encompasses a few areas, stop motion animation, computer generated image (CGI) animation, 3D and film. Video compositing is where you layer two or more video clips over each other to make a single image.
Video compositing is very common today in both television and film and it would be very difficult to watch a film or certain television programmes where video compositing isn't in use. In the world of television, perhaps the most common use of video compositing is in weather reports. The weather reporter will stand in front of a blank blue or green screen. A computer then picks up on this specific colour and removes all examples of that colour from the screen making the background disappear. An image of a weather map with animated motion graphics of the predicted weather then replaces it. The end result is an image like this that the viewer can see.
This use of video compositing is great because it enables the viewer to get a detailed illustration of what weather to expect, also visually it looks impressive.
In film, video compositing is used a lot, especially in action/adventure films where a particular scene requires the actor to be in a place that is inaccessible to film or a place/situation to dangerous for the actor. As well as that, video compositing is used in sci-fi films like Star Wars where the film is set in space or Jurassic Park, where dinosaurs are heavily used. Now obviously dinosaurs were extinct 64 million years ago, so the only way to get dinosaurs in your film and make them look realistic and move realistically is by motion graphics and CGI. Film is where video compositing excels, as you can have a human being running away from a T-Rex or a futuristic battle in space, and with modern advancements in this technology, it looks as if there is a gigantic space battle taking place that is being shot or Sam Neill is really running away from a dinosaur on a remote island. The use of motion graphics in film has been a huge success and has enabled film makers to produce films that were not possible even 15 years ago, and make them look incredibly realistic at the same time. However, the negative aspect of the use of motion graphics and compositing video has perhaps made the production of film less adventurous in that instead of having to go to South America of example to film a scene, the production can be filmed in a studio in Los Angeles.
Another use of motion graphics in film and indeed TV productions are production company idents. These can be found at the very start of a film or TV programme showing of one of the companies behind the production. Here is an example of an opening to a film, in this case Sherlock Holmes (2009), with production logos using motion graphics:
Idents can also be found at the start and end of a commercial break where they advertise the channel you are watching, most commonly found on the terrestrial channels and the likes of the Sky channels and FX. Many of these idents can be very advanced such as the Channel 4 idents where the camera is moving, focusing on blocks in the sky that as the camera is moved reveals the Channel 4 logo. FX is another advanced ident as there are several liquid splashes that move across a certain environment, which comes together to form the FX logo.
FX ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=FX-2011-ID-POOL-1
Channel 4 ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=C4-2011-ID-BOLT-1
BBC ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=BBC3-2010-PROMO-FAMGUY-2
Sky ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=SKYS-2010-ID-1HD-FOOTBALL-2
This use of idents is great because it can give a normal, standard still ident a new life and can make it more interesting and watchable. Also the idents themselves can become as well known as the still logo itself.
Motion graphics are just that, graphics generated to involve motion. The term motion graphics encompasses a few areas, stop motion animation, computer generated image (CGI) animation, 3D and film. Video compositing is where you layer two or more video clips over each other to make a single image.
Video compositing is very common today in both television and film and it would be very difficult to watch a film or certain television programmes where video compositing isn't in use. In the world of television, perhaps the most common use of video compositing is in weather reports. The weather reporter will stand in front of a blank blue or green screen. A computer then picks up on this specific colour and removes all examples of that colour from the screen making the background disappear. An image of a weather map with animated motion graphics of the predicted weather then replaces it. The end result is an image like this that the viewer can see.
This use of video compositing is great because it enables the viewer to get a detailed illustration of what weather to expect, also visually it looks impressive.
In film, video compositing is used a lot, especially in action/adventure films where a particular scene requires the actor to be in a place that is inaccessible to film or a place/situation to dangerous for the actor. As well as that, video compositing is used in sci-fi films like Star Wars where the film is set in space or Jurassic Park, where dinosaurs are heavily used. Now obviously dinosaurs were extinct 64 million years ago, so the only way to get dinosaurs in your film and make them look realistic and move realistically is by motion graphics and CGI. Film is where video compositing excels, as you can have a human being running away from a T-Rex or a futuristic battle in space, and with modern advancements in this technology, it looks as if there is a gigantic space battle taking place that is being shot or Sam Neill is really running away from a dinosaur on a remote island. The use of motion graphics in film has been a huge success and has enabled film makers to produce films that were not possible even 15 years ago, and make them look incredibly realistic at the same time. However, the negative aspect of the use of motion graphics and compositing video has perhaps made the production of film less adventurous in that instead of having to go to South America of example to film a scene, the production can be filmed in a studio in Los Angeles.
Another use of motion graphics in film and indeed TV productions are production company idents. These can be found at the very start of a film or TV programme showing of one of the companies behind the production. Here is an example of an opening to a film, in this case Sherlock Holmes (2009), with production logos using motion graphics:
Idents can also be found at the start and end of a commercial break where they advertise the channel you are watching, most commonly found on the terrestrial channels and the likes of the Sky channels and FX. Many of these idents can be very advanced such as the Channel 4 idents where the camera is moving, focusing on blocks in the sky that as the camera is moved reveals the Channel 4 logo. FX is another advanced ident as there are several liquid splashes that move across a certain environment, which comes together to form the FX logo.
FX ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=FX-2011-ID-POOL-1
Channel 4 ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=C4-2011-ID-BOLT-1
BBC ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=BBC3-2010-PROMO-FAMGUY-2
Sky ident: http://www.theidentgallery.com/player.php?id=SKYS-2010-ID-1HD-FOOTBALL-2
This use of idents is great because it can give a normal, standard still ident a new life and can make it more interesting and watchable. Also the idents themselves can become as well known as the still logo itself.
Tuesday, 21 February 2012
Ownership Structures - Case Study: Disney
The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate [a company the owns many mass media companies] in the world in terms of revenue made. Disney was founded in 1923 by brothers Walt and Roy Disney. Disney were originally known as The Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; they originally focused solely on American animation films and programmes, arguably the most famous example of of which is the debut of Mickey Mouse and sound in Disney films, Steamboat Willie.
In the space of 2 years leading up to Americas involvement in WWII, from 1940 to 1942, Disney produced four of their most famous films, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo and Bambi. During WWII, Disney, like so many film companies, focused mainly on Propaganda films. In 1953 Disney formed it's own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution. The creation of Buena Vista as Disney's personal distribution arm mean't they could maximise revenue and income, as they did not have to pay an outside distributor to distribute their films. This is perhaps the first example of Disney's Vertical Integration. In 1955, Disney opened Disneyland, Disney's own Theme Park. Currently there are five Disney Theme Parks/Resorts, In Orlando Florida, California, Paris, Tokyo and Hong Kong. The creation and opening of Disneyland is considered to be the first example of Disney becoming a brand, as opposed to just another Film production company. Disney had created world famous characters in their films, and could capitalise on that with the creation of Disneyland. In 1956 Disney ventured outside of Films and capitalising on their merchandising, to create Walt Disney Records. This mean't they could sign world famous artists to their record label, to record songs for films, or just use their artists to advertise The Disney Company. Walt Disney Records focus on music for younger people, a list of former artists include Miley Cyrus, Jonas Brothers and Hilary Duff, all of which are also actors and were discovered and signed by Disney and all have appeared in several Disney films and TV programmes. The creation of Walt Disney Records is an example of Horizontal integration.
In 1979 ESPN was created, which Disney hold a controlling 80% stake in. This was the first major example of Disney expanding from the entertainment industry to a different industry, arguably the joint biggest and most lucrative industry worldwide, Sports. A controlling stake in ESPN means that Disney can advertise their products during events like Olympics, football World Cup Finals, SuperBowls and Champions League Finals. The Champions League Final is the most watched TV event annually worldwide, with the SuperBowl coming in as the second most watched TV event annually. Whereas the 2010 World Cup Final remains the most watched event in history, and the Olympics in 2012 is expected to be the most watched event in history. Advertising during these events, specifically the SuperBowl can cost up to $5m for just a 30 second slot, so Disney tying itself with a premiere worldwide sports broadcaster in ESPN can save them a huge amount of money.
1983 bought about the formation of The Disney Channel, Disney now had a format where they could exhibit their productions without it costing them. The third step of Vertical Integration. The Disney Channel has perhaps been the most important invention for Disney in the latter half of the 20th Century and early 21st Century, with the channel creating many famous characters and stars. Despite it's relatively young target audience, The Disney Channel is responsible for the likes of Miley Cyrus/Hannah Montana, Jonas Brothers, Raven-Symone, Hilary Duff, Demi Lovato and many other stars, all of which now are known throughout the world.
In 1984, Disney launched a separate Film Production company, called Touchstone Pictures. The reason Disney launched it was so they could produce films with more mature and darker content, without directly associating the name Disney, with a potentially dark film and damage their global brand. Touchstone have produced such films as Armageddon, Con Air, Pearl Harbour, Gone in 60 seconds, Enemy of the State and many more, all of which have themes that would not reflect well of the Disney channel if they put their brand to them. Touchstone have also expanded outside of film production, in 2007 they formed Touchstone Games in association with Disney. In 2008 they released their first and to date only video game, Turok, which received mixed reviews and wasn't a huge success. In 1993, Disney bought up the TV network ABC. ABC is currently the biggest worldwide broadcaster in terms of revenue, ahead of the likes of Fox, Al Jazeera, Sky and BBC. ABC have 4 major TV stations, ABC News, ABC kids, ABC Daytime and ABC Entertainment. Disney also hold an equal stake in Lifetime Entertainment Services, who own channels such as The History Channel, Military History Channel and Crime & Investigation Network. All of which broadcast in 3 continents worldwide. ABC's collection of TV series post Disney takeover include the likes of Desperate Housewives, My Wife and Kids, Lost, Grey's Anatomy and Scrubs.
Disney started their own Cruise line in 1998 based in Florida, named Disney Cruise Line. They travel throughout the Atlantic Ocean and across to Europe, and also in the Pacific, to Hawaii. In 2005 Disney launched itself into the world of online social networking and games with the invention of Club Penguin. Club Penguin still is operating to this day.
In 2006, Disney bought Pixar Studios for a reported $7.4 Billion, having previously worked along side Pixar with Toy Story. In 2009 Disney bought the world famous comic book name Marvel for $4 Billion. Most recently, in early February 2012 Disney bought UTV Software Communications, and Indian software company who produce a variety of media products throughout Asia, namely Bollywood films, TV programmes and games.
Throughout it's near 90 year history, Disney has gone through many CEO's and presidents. Walt Disney, the founder of Disney, served as President from Disney's creation in 1923 until his death in late 1966. Walt Disney's younger brother Roy Disney took over from Walt Disney in 1966 until his death in 1971. Card Walker took over from Disney in 1971 and was the first proper President who was not part of the Disney family. Walker was president until 1977. For 3 years Disney operated without a President before Ron Miller, son in law of Walt Disney, was named President in 1980, although he lasted only 4 years to 1984 before being replaced by Frank Wells. Frank Wells was in his role for 10 years until his death in 1994. Michael Ovitz took over from Frank Wells in 1995, although he lasted just 2 years until 1997. Once again Disney operated without a President for 3 years until Robert Iger became President in 2000, he remains President to this day.
The modern day CEO started around 1966, though Disney have had a CEO since 1923, the first being Roy Disney, he served as CEO from 1923 to his death in 1971, coupling it with being President for 5 years up to his death. Donn Tatum replaced Disney as CEO until 1976. Card Walker replaced Tatum in 1976 up to 1983. His successor, Ron Miller lasted as Disney CEO for just one year. Despite that he oversaw the creation of the Disney channel, and films such as Tron and the creation of Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Michael Eisner replaced Miller in 1984 and oversaw the rapid expansion of the Disney name and brand throughout the world. He served as CEO until 2005 when he resigned due to the 'Save Disney' campaign, This started due to a string of movie box office flops and failing business model. Robert Iger took over in 2005 and is still CEO today, combining that with his role as President of the Disney Company.
In the space of 2 years leading up to Americas involvement in WWII, from 1940 to 1942, Disney produced four of their most famous films, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo and Bambi. During WWII, Disney, like so many film companies, focused mainly on Propaganda films. In 1953 Disney formed it's own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution. The creation of Buena Vista as Disney's personal distribution arm mean't they could maximise revenue and income, as they did not have to pay an outside distributor to distribute their films. This is perhaps the first example of Disney's Vertical Integration. In 1955, Disney opened Disneyland, Disney's own Theme Park. Currently there are five Disney Theme Parks/Resorts, In Orlando Florida, California, Paris, Tokyo and Hong Kong. The creation and opening of Disneyland is considered to be the first example of Disney becoming a brand, as opposed to just another Film production company. Disney had created world famous characters in their films, and could capitalise on that with the creation of Disneyland. In 1956 Disney ventured outside of Films and capitalising on their merchandising, to create Walt Disney Records. This mean't they could sign world famous artists to their record label, to record songs for films, or just use their artists to advertise The Disney Company. Walt Disney Records focus on music for younger people, a list of former artists include Miley Cyrus, Jonas Brothers and Hilary Duff, all of which are also actors and were discovered and signed by Disney and all have appeared in several Disney films and TV programmes. The creation of Walt Disney Records is an example of Horizontal integration.
In 1979 ESPN was created, which Disney hold a controlling 80% stake in. This was the first major example of Disney expanding from the entertainment industry to a different industry, arguably the joint biggest and most lucrative industry worldwide, Sports. A controlling stake in ESPN means that Disney can advertise their products during events like Olympics, football World Cup Finals, SuperBowls and Champions League Finals. The Champions League Final is the most watched TV event annually worldwide, with the SuperBowl coming in as the second most watched TV event annually. Whereas the 2010 World Cup Final remains the most watched event in history, and the Olympics in 2012 is expected to be the most watched event in history. Advertising during these events, specifically the SuperBowl can cost up to $5m for just a 30 second slot, so Disney tying itself with a premiere worldwide sports broadcaster in ESPN can save them a huge amount of money.
1983 bought about the formation of The Disney Channel, Disney now had a format where they could exhibit their productions without it costing them. The third step of Vertical Integration. The Disney Channel has perhaps been the most important invention for Disney in the latter half of the 20th Century and early 21st Century, with the channel creating many famous characters and stars. Despite it's relatively young target audience, The Disney Channel is responsible for the likes of Miley Cyrus/Hannah Montana, Jonas Brothers, Raven-Symone, Hilary Duff, Demi Lovato and many other stars, all of which now are known throughout the world.
In 1984, Disney launched a separate Film Production company, called Touchstone Pictures. The reason Disney launched it was so they could produce films with more mature and darker content, without directly associating the name Disney, with a potentially dark film and damage their global brand. Touchstone have produced such films as Armageddon, Con Air, Pearl Harbour, Gone in 60 seconds, Enemy of the State and many more, all of which have themes that would not reflect well of the Disney channel if they put their brand to them. Touchstone have also expanded outside of film production, in 2007 they formed Touchstone Games in association with Disney. In 2008 they released their first and to date only video game, Turok, which received mixed reviews and wasn't a huge success. In 1993, Disney bought up the TV network ABC. ABC is currently the biggest worldwide broadcaster in terms of revenue, ahead of the likes of Fox, Al Jazeera, Sky and BBC. ABC have 4 major TV stations, ABC News, ABC kids, ABC Daytime and ABC Entertainment. Disney also hold an equal stake in Lifetime Entertainment Services, who own channels such as The History Channel, Military History Channel and Crime & Investigation Network. All of which broadcast in 3 continents worldwide. ABC's collection of TV series post Disney takeover include the likes of Desperate Housewives, My Wife and Kids, Lost, Grey's Anatomy and Scrubs.
Disney started their own Cruise line in 1998 based in Florida, named Disney Cruise Line. They travel throughout the Atlantic Ocean and across to Europe, and also in the Pacific, to Hawaii. In 2005 Disney launched itself into the world of online social networking and games with the invention of Club Penguin. Club Penguin still is operating to this day.
In 2006, Disney bought Pixar Studios for a reported $7.4 Billion, having previously worked along side Pixar with Toy Story. In 2009 Disney bought the world famous comic book name Marvel for $4 Billion. Most recently, in early February 2012 Disney bought UTV Software Communications, and Indian software company who produce a variety of media products throughout Asia, namely Bollywood films, TV programmes and games.
Throughout it's near 90 year history, Disney has gone through many CEO's and presidents. Walt Disney, the founder of Disney, served as President from Disney's creation in 1923 until his death in late 1966. Walt Disney's younger brother Roy Disney took over from Walt Disney in 1966 until his death in 1971. Card Walker took over from Disney in 1971 and was the first proper President who was not part of the Disney family. Walker was president until 1977. For 3 years Disney operated without a President before Ron Miller, son in law of Walt Disney, was named President in 1980, although he lasted only 4 years to 1984 before being replaced by Frank Wells. Frank Wells was in his role for 10 years until his death in 1994. Michael Ovitz took over from Frank Wells in 1995, although he lasted just 2 years until 1997. Once again Disney operated without a President for 3 years until Robert Iger became President in 2000, he remains President to this day.
The modern day CEO started around 1966, though Disney have had a CEO since 1923, the first being Roy Disney, he served as CEO from 1923 to his death in 1971, coupling it with being President for 5 years up to his death. Donn Tatum replaced Disney as CEO until 1976. Card Walker replaced Tatum in 1976 up to 1983. His successor, Ron Miller lasted as Disney CEO for just one year. Despite that he oversaw the creation of the Disney channel, and films such as Tron and the creation of Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Michael Eisner replaced Miller in 1984 and oversaw the rapid expansion of the Disney name and brand throughout the world. He served as CEO until 2005 when he resigned due to the 'Save Disney' campaign, This started due to a string of movie box office flops and failing business model. Robert Iger took over in 2005 and is still CEO today, combining that with his role as President of the Disney Company.
Monday, 14 March 2011
Companies engaged in community Media projects
Vision & Media – Vision & Media are a Northwest company set up to help grow the creative industry in the Northwest. Vision & Media deliver projects to help companies big or small and to help individuals in film, TV, radio, games and music. Vision & Media were formed after a merge between North West Vision and Media Training North West. They are a member of screen England and a partner of the UK Film Council.
Signal Films – Signal Films are a Cumbrian company based in Barrow-in-Furness which produces films for cinema, broadcast and the commercial sector as well as providing digital media training. Signal Films provide an opportunity to young and aspiring filmmakers, writers and artists across Cumbria.
Screen Yorkshire - Screen Yorkshire's aim is to support the development of Films, Broadcast programmes and Games in the Yorkshire region to improve and help the economy and wealth of the region. Screen Yorkshire are based in Leeds and are part of the Regional Screen Agency. They are funded by Yorkshire Forward and the UK Film Council.
Media 19 - Media 19 are an idependent production company who are credited with regional broadcasts and produce cross-platform projects, such as Documentary's, Arts and Current Affairs. Media 19 work with local communities and groups to produce projects for use on T.V, Internet and Exhibitions as part of debates, campaigns or consultations.
Northern Film and Media - Northern Film and Media help to introduce talented people to the media market and vice versa. Northern Film and Media develop the creative economy in the North West by investing in projects. They were formed in 2002 to support the growth of commercial and creative activities in Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, County Durham and Teeside.
Community Art
What is community art?
Community art is an artistic activity based in a community setting, such as a town centre or club. The community art genre can be of any art forms as long as there is interaction or dialogue with the community it is in. The term community art was thought of in the 1960s which grew into a movement in the UK, US, Canada, Ireland and Australia. Often community art is based in poorer areas, with a community oriented, grassroots approach. Members of a local community will come together to create art, sometimes this may involve professional artists or celebrities. These communal artistic processes act as a catalyst to trigger events or changes within a community or even at a national or international level. Community art can also act as a trigger for other events on a local level, a national level or even at an international level.
What are the different mediums of community art?
- Visual art/Fine arts (painting, murals, drawings etc.)
- Media art (films, video games, internet art etc)
- Concept art
- Performing arts (theatre, dance, music)
- Culinary Art
Why is community art important?
I think community art is important because has various benefits without having many drawbacks. One positive to community art is it acts as a way of bringing the community together, also it can act as a way of getting people out of their houses and being active and improving their physcological well being through exercise that can improve their minds.
What are the benefits of recording a community art production?
One benefit to recording a community art production is it can show to any people not sure about participating or organising an event of this nature how successful it can be and showing how enjoyable it can be. Also, documenting a production can be a way of drawing in other people who wouldn't normally be interested or who had thought about it, as well as raising the profile of community art.
What do i think i will learn from this project? and also define the role i have been given
Through the course of this project i think i will learn more about community art and how it can affect a community. I will also learn how to document a live event. I will also learn about the documentary genre in TV and Film and also how to edit footage in the hope to organise it into the documentary style genre.
The role i have been given in the project is to document a community art production, and then later down the line, edit the footage together to form a documentary.
Monday, 22 November 2010
Creative Partnerships & Creative Futures Cumbria
Creative Partnerships
Creative Partnerships brings artists, architects and scientists into schools to work with teachers and younger people to inspire and help them learn. Creative Partnerships have worked with over 1 million young people and over 90,000 teachers in 8000 projects across England since 2002. Creative Partnerships is designed to develop skills of children and young people across England, raising their aspirations, achievements and life chances.
http://www.creative-partnerships.com/
Newcastle Office
Creativity, Culture and Education
North House
Sandyford Road
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 8ND
Tel: +44 (0) 844 811 2145
Fax: +44 (0) 191 229 2740
Email: enquiries@cceengland.org
London Office
Creativity, Culture and Education
34 Bow Street
London
WC2E 7DL
Tel: +44 (0) 844 811 2145
Fax: +44 (0) 207 4205401
Email: enquiries@cceengland.org
Creative Partnerships brings artists, architects and scientists into schools to work with teachers and younger people to inspire and help them learn. Creative Partnerships have worked with over 1 million young people and over 90,000 teachers in 8000 projects across England since 2002. Creative Partnerships is designed to develop skills of children and young people across England, raising their aspirations, achievements and life chances.
http://www.creative-partnerships.com/
Newcastle Office
Creativity, Culture and Education
North House
Sandyford Road
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 8ND
Tel: +44 (0) 844 811 2145
Fax: +44 (0) 191 229 2740
Email: enquiries@cceengland.org
London Office
Creativity, Culture and Education
34 Bow Street
London
WC2E 7DL
Tel: +44 (0) 844 811 2145
Fax: +44 (0) 207 4205401
Email: enquiries@cceengland.org
Newcastle Office
London Office
Creative Futures Cumbria
Creative Futures Cumbria was formed in April 2008, when Cumbria Arts in Education became the host organisation for Creative Partnerships Cumbria. Creative Futures Cumbria works with artists, scientists, architects, chefs and web designers. Creative Futures Cumbria run a host of programmes, including Creative Ambassadors, Mentoring Programmes, Arts Award, Early Arts and more. Cumbria Arts in Education was established in 1992 as a charity trust to promote arts in education. It contacted schools with artists and established new opportunities for young people to participate in the creative process.
http://www.creativefuturescumbria.org/
General Enquiries - Creative Futures Cumbria
http://www.creativefuturescumbria.org/
General Enquiries - Creative Futures Cumbria
1b Hobson Court
40 Business Park, Gillan Way
Penrith
CA11 9GQ
40 Business Park, Gillan Way
Penrith
CA11 9GQ
Telephone: 01768 893810
Email: info@creativefuturescumbria.org
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)